The Ultimate Guide To 38 S&W: 15+ Facts And Tips

Introduction

The .38 S&W cartridge, also known as the .38 Short Colt or .38 S&W Short, is a rimfire revolver cartridge that has a rich history and remains a popular choice for certain firearms enthusiasts. Developed in the late 19th century, it has a unique place in the world of ammunition and continues to be used in specific revolvers and vintage firearms. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the origins, characteristics, and practical applications of the .38 S&W, providing you with a deep understanding of this classic cartridge.

History and Development

The .38 S&W cartridge was introduced in 1877 by Smith & Wesson, a renowned American firearms manufacturer. It was designed as a smaller and less powerful version of the .44 S&W American, a popular cartridge at the time. The primary purpose of developing the .38 S&W was to create a more concealable and lightweight revolver for personal defense and law enforcement use.

Smith & Wesson initially chambered their new I-frame revolvers, such as the Model 1½ and Model 2, for the .38 S&W cartridge. These revolvers were known for their compact size and ease of concealment, making them popular among civilians and police officers alike. The cartridge’s rimfire design, which uses a firing pin to strike the rim of the cartridge rather than the primer, was a common feature in many early revolver designs.

Cartridge Specifications

The .38 S&W cartridge has the following specifications:

• Caliber: .380 inches (9.65 mm)
• Bullet Weight: Typically 85 to 90 grains (5.5 to 5.8 grams)
• Cartridge Length: 1.09 inches (27.69 mm)
• Rim Diameter: 0.377 inches (9.57 mm)
• Case Length: 0.65 inches (16.51 mm)

The cartridge’s dimensions and weight make it a relatively compact and lightweight option, contributing to the overall concealability of firearms chambered for it.

Ammunition Types

.38 S&W ammunition is available in various types, each designed for specific purposes:

• Full Metal Jacket (FMJ): This is the most common type of ammunition, featuring a lead core encased in a copper jacket. FMJ rounds are known for their accuracy and reliability, making them a popular choice for target shooting and practice.
• Lead Round Nose (LRN): LRN ammunition uses a lead bullet with a round nose, providing good expansion and penetration. It is often used for hunting small game and target shooting.
• Jacketed Hollow Point (JHP): JHP rounds are designed for self-defense and offer controlled expansion upon impact. The hollow point cavity helps to increase the bullet’s stopping power.
• Wadcutter: Wadcutter ammunition has a flat-nosed design, making it ideal for target shooting and precision shooting. It creates clean, round holes in paper targets, allowing for easy scoring.

Firearms Chambered for .38 S&W

While the .38 S&W cartridge is not as widely used as some other cartridges, there are still several firearms that are specifically chambered for it. Here are some notable examples:

• Smith & Wesson Model 1½: This iconic revolver was one of the first to be chambered for the .38 S&W cartridge. It is a single-action revolver with a six-round capacity and is known for its smooth action and accuracy.
• Smith & Wesson Model 2: Another classic Smith & Wesson revolver, the Model 2 is a double-action variant of the Model 1½. It offers the same capacity and is often preferred for its ease of use and faster repeat shots.
• Iver Johnson Safety Hammerless: Iver Johnson produced a series of revolvers chambered for the .38 S&W, including the Safety Hammerless models. These revolvers were known for their unique hammer design, which was concealed within the frame for added safety.
• Colt New Line: The Colt New Line revolvers, introduced in the late 19th century, were available in various calibers, including .38 S&W. These revolvers were known for their robust construction and reliable performance.

Ballistics and Performance

The .38 S&W cartridge delivers moderate power and velocity, making it suitable for self-defense, target shooting, and small game hunting. Here are some key ballistic characteristics:

• Muzzle Velocity: Approximately 700 to 800 feet per second (210 to 240 meters per second)
• Muzzle Energy: Around 100 to 150 foot-pounds (135 to 200 joules)
• Trajectory: The cartridge’s relatively short barrel length and low velocity result in a flatter trajectory, making it ideal for close-range shooting.
• Penetration: While the .38 S&W may not have the same penetration capabilities as larger cartridges, it is still effective for self-defense and small game hunting within its intended range.

Reloading and Customization

Reloading .38 S&W ammunition is a popular option for enthusiasts who want to save costs and customize their ammunition. Here are some key points to consider:

• Components: Reloading requires the use of empty .38 S&W cases, primers, gunpowder, and bullets. These components can be purchased from specialty stores or online retailers.
• Equipment: You will need a reloading press, scales, calipers, and other tools to measure and assemble the components accurately.
• Safety: As with any reloading process, it is crucial to follow safety guidelines and use proper protective gear to avoid accidents.
• Customization: Reloading allows you to tailor your ammunition to your specific needs. You can experiment with different bullet weights, powder charges, and bullet designs to achieve the desired performance.

Hunting and Self-Defense

The .38 S&W cartridge is primarily used for small game hunting and personal defense. Here’s a closer look at its applications:

• Small Game Hunting: The cartridge’s moderate power and accuracy make it suitable for hunting small game, such as squirrels, rabbits, and birds. It is effective at close to moderate ranges, ensuring clean and humane kills.
• Personal Defense: While the .38 S&W may not have the same stopping power as larger cartridges, it is still a viable option for personal defense. When loaded with JHP ammunition, it can provide adequate penetration and expansion for self-defense situations.

Maintenance and Care

Proper maintenance is essential to ensure the longevity and reliability of firearms chambered for the .38 S&W cartridge. Here are some maintenance tips:

• Cleaning: Regularly clean your firearm after each use to remove any residue and prevent corrosion. Use appropriate cleaning solvents and brushes to reach all areas of the revolver.
• Lubrication: Apply a light coat of gun oil to moving parts, such as the cylinder, trigger, and action, to ensure smooth operation and prevent friction-related issues.
• Storage: Store your firearm in a dry and secure location, preferably in a gun safe or locked cabinet. Keep it unloaded and away from children and unauthorized individuals.
• Regular Inspection: Inspect your firearm for any signs of wear, damage, or malfunction. Address any issues promptly by seeking professional repair or replacement.

Safety Considerations

When handling and shooting firearms chambered for the .38 S&W cartridge, it is crucial to follow basic safety guidelines:

• Handle Firearms with Care: Always treat firearms as if they are loaded, even if you believe they are not. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
• Point the Muzzle in a Safe Direction: Ensure that the muzzle is pointed in a safe direction at all times, away from yourself, others, and any objects that could be damaged.
• Know Your Target and Beyond: Before firing, positively identify your target and ensure that there is nothing beyond it that could be harmed by a stray bullet.
• Eye and Ear Protection: Always wear eye and ear protection when shooting to protect against noise-induced hearing loss and flying debris.
• Unloading and Storing: After shooting, unload your firearm and store it securely. Keep ammunition locked away in a separate location.

Conclusion

The .38 S&W cartridge has a rich history and continues to be a beloved choice for firearms enthusiasts seeking a compact and concealable revolver. Its moderate power, accuracy, and versatility make it suitable for various applications, including small game hunting and personal defense. By understanding its specifications, ammunition types, and practical considerations, you can make informed decisions when using firearms chambered for the .38 S&W cartridge. Remember to always prioritize safety and follow proper maintenance practices to ensure a positive shooting experience.

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